Mid Shoe Entry Blackjack

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What does a no mid-shoe entry mean in blackjack? What does a no mid-shoe entry mean in blackjack? A rule prohibiting players from entering a game in the middle of a shoe or deck. Ds,Rs3,Rsa - No mid-shoe entry and no mid-shoe number of hand changes. High stakes poker also available. See Basic Blackjack by Stanford Wong for the basic.

Most people have the wrong idea about card counting, mainly because they lack an understanding of its mechanics. They assume one needs to be a savant or a mathematical genius to count cards. This misconception results from the way card counting is depicted in media and Hollywood productions like Rain Man, 21, and The Bachelor, among others.

No Mid-Shoe Entry Signs When cruising the casino floor in search of a blackjack table to play at, you are eventually going to see a sign on a table that says ‘No Mid-Shoe Entry.’ This means that you can’t join that table until the current players have played through the shoe. Lots of casinos have banned mid-shoe entry for this purpose. If you do consider doing this, know that it looks fishy to even untrained eyes. How else would you know when to swoop in for the kill if you weren't counting cards? The suspicions you do avoid, however, are changing your bets. No mid-shoe entry Use of CSM to shuffle the cards Your goal is to be sure that the blackjack game you are about to play offers mostly the good (player favorable) rules. ESTIMATING THE HOUSE EDGE FOR ANY GAME.

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And indeed, who can forget the epic scene in Rain Man where the autistic character of Dustin Hoffman counts cards at a six-deck blackjack table in Caesars Palace and helps his brother (portrayed by actor Tom Cruise) amass a small fortune? As impressive as this scene is, it grossly exaggerates the qualities needed to count cards.

You do not necessarily have to be an autistic savant or have a photographic memory to learn this advantage play technique. This is not to say card counting is easy as pie, though. It requires a good amount of practice, but most people can master it if they invest enough time, efforts, and understanding. This article introduces you to the foundations of this technique and offers a few explanations of how it works.

What is Card Counting and Why Does it Work?

Blackjack is different from all other games on the casino floor because it is based on dependent trials. What this means is the past affects the probability of what is going to happen in the future.

Suppose you take a standard deck containing 52 cards and start pulling cards out at random. You pick an Ace, set it aside, and draw again. What are the chances of you pulling another Ace on your next try? They have now decreased because you have only three Aces left after the first draw. If you remove all Aces from the deck on the next draws, the probability of pulling this card would be zero.

The point of this example was to show you the odds in blackjack fluctuate with each card that leaves the deck. The odds of you winning a given hand depend on the cards that have been removed from the deck(s) during the previous rounds and this is precisely what makes the game exploitable.

Some cards favor the dealer. Their removal from the deck increases your chances of winning and has a positive effect on your expected value. Other cards favor the player so the odds of the player beating the dealer decrease proportionally to their removal.

Card Counting Additional TipsCard counting is keeping track of the cards that are removed from the deck. This gives you an idea about those that remain to be dealt. The fewer the cards that favor the house, the bigger the player’s chances of winning and vice versa.

The card counter would then vary their bet size depending on the advantage the composition of the remaining deck(s) gives them. When the deck is depleted of player-favorable cards, the card counter would bet small or not bet at all if possible.

When the deck is rich in cards that are favorable for the player, the counter increases the bets in proportion to the advantage they have over the house. This variation in bet sizing is what enables card counters to beat the casinos’ at their own game.

The Foundations of Card Counting

Before we proceed further, we would like to warn you that it is impossible to count cards effectively without learning perfect basic strategy first. This is the first step toward becoming a successful card counter and blackjack player in general.

Once you are perfect at basic strategy, you can proceed to learn a card counting system. Most professional blackjack players prefer to use the popular Hi-Lo system because it is simpler to learn but still very effective. You can read about the value this system assigns to the cards below.

The Values of the Cards

After the dealer reshuffles the deck or shoe, the number of high and low cards is equal. The composition of the deck or shoe changes as the game progresses. Card counters track the cards that are dealt during the previous rounds, which gives them knowledge about the composition of the undealt cards.

They assign a value to each card that leaves the deck or shoe. High cards (Ace, 10, King, Jack, and Queen) are favorable for the player so they are assigned a count value of -1. When the deck or shoe is depleted from these high cards, the edge of the player also decreases.

The low cards (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) are favorable for the dealer. They are assigned a count value of +1 because when dealt, there are fewer of them left to hurt the player. The cards with denominations of 7, 8 and 9 are considered neutral and have a value of 0 because the effect of their removal on the player’s expected value is much less pronounced.

Converting Running Count into True Count

What a card counter does is add up the values of every card that appears on the layout. The sum total of these cards gives them what is known as the running count (RC). For instance, suppose you are dealt a starting hand that consists of 4-5 and then you draw a King. This gives you a running count of +1. At the end of each round of play, you arrive at a positive, negative or zero running count.

When the running count is positive, this means more low cards have been dealt during the previous round. Respectively, the deck or shoe now contains more high cards than low cards which is favorable for the player.

If the running count is negative, more high cards have been dealt. The deck now favors the house because more low cards remain to be dealt. When the running count is zero, the number of high and low cards that remain to be played is equal. The deck is now neutral as it was immediately after the shuffle.

It is worth mentioning that card counters win fewer hands than they lose but still generate more profits than losses. This is possible because they increase the size of their bets during positive counts when they have the advantage and decrease it during negative counts when the edge swings over to the house.

Converting Running Count into True Count Additional TipsYou are probably thinking the dealer has the same chances of catching high cards as the player and you are right. However, unlike the player, the dealer never doubles down, never splits pairs, and never takes insurance. The dealer also does not collect a 3-to-2 payout when they hit a blackjack. He or she is obliged to hit hard totals 12 through 16, which naturally causes them to bust more often when the deck is rich in high cards. These playing conditions give card counters an edge.

But the running count alone is not sufficient to determine whether the deck or shoe is favorable for the player. For this purpose, you need what is known as the true count (TC). This is somewhat of a misnomer because the true count actually is not a “count” at all. It indicates the concentration of high and low cards that remain to be dealt.

The players arrive at a true count by dividing the running count by the number of decks left in the shoe. For example, if you have a running count of +6 and there are three decks left, the true count is +2.

Sometimes this division results in a fraction, in which case the number needs to be rounded somehow. There are two optimal ways to go about this. The first one is called flooring and it requires you to always round down the fraction. Thus, if you arrive at a true count of -1.5, you round it down to -2, if you arrive at a true count of +1.5, you must round it down to +1, and so on.

The second method is aptly called rounding and is similar but requires you to round the fraction to the nearest integer. When your true count is precisely between the two integers, you should round it up (for instance, a true count of +2.5 is rounded up to +3, a result of -2.5 is rounded to -2 and so on). These two methods yield roughly the same efficiency which is why they are commonly spread among counters.

Deck Estimation

Estimating how many decks remain to be dealt is obviously a necessity when you count cards. This is something that requires a good amount of practice. There are several ways to approach deck estimation. Some players prefer to take a look at the shoe but this method is not as accurate because sometimes the cards are not packed tightly and not all of them are clearly visible.

It is more common for card counters to use the discard tray for guidance and subtract the number of decks there from the number of decks the shoe started with. While more accurate than looking at the shoe, this method is also not optimal because it does not take into account the cards on the layout. Additionally, staring at the discard tray helps the pit crew detect counters. Some casinos even take measures by hiding the discards in the tray.

Some single-deck players take notice of how many hands have been played, then multiply the result by 2.7 and subtract from the overall number of cards. But the most accurate method to estimate how many decks have been played is by subtracting the cards you have seen, which includes both the cards you see on the layout and those in the discard tray. Whichever method you choose, make sure you practice it at home until you can determine the number of decks that remain with absolute precision.

Using a Bet Spread

As was said, card counting gives you an edge because you adjust your bets’ size in accordance with the count and bet more when you have an advantage. Two of the most common mistakes aspiring card counters commit are over-betting and under-betting their bankroll.

When over-betting, you pour more money into a hand than you should because you overestimate your advantage. This exposes you to a higher risk of ruin and you stand good chances of blowing your entire bankroll away.

Under-betting is basically the opposite but it is just as detrimental for the player. Some people bet less than they should because they are afraid of detection. Others do it because they are too scared they might end up losing their large bets. The trouble is if you do not bet enough money when you have the advantage, you are playing a break-even game at best.

Bet Spread Additional TipsEvery good card counter needs an adequate bet spread. When practicing at home, you can start by using a simpler bet spread where you increase your wagers with a unit each time the true count goes up. This helps you become more comfortable with keeping a true count and adjusting the size of your bets at the same time. You use this spread for practice purposes only – it is not optimal to use it in an actual casino.

You can determine what bet spread is optimal for you with the help of bankroll management calculators and simulation programs like CVCX. The latter is not the simplest software to work with but is very useful because it can calculate optimal bet spreads on the basis of penetration, playing conditions, the number of rounds played per hour and other variables.

Using Indices

We mentioned earlier learning perfect basic strategy is an absolute necessity if you want to be a successful card counter. By keeping track of the cards that are dealt, card counters know when it is the right time to deviate from basic strategy. These deviations from basic strategy are called indices.

You need to deviate because some basic strategy plays are no longer optimal when the composition of the remaining deck or shoe changes. Do not forget that basic strategy relies on limited information and takes into account only your hand total against the dealer’s upcard.

Just to give you an example of what we mean, basic strategy tells you to never take insurance. What’s interesting, though, is that insurance actually becomes a good bet during high positive counts of +3 and above. The shoe or deck is rich in high cards on such positive counts which increases the chances of the dealer having a blackjack. Another example is the play for a hard 15 against a dealer’s 10. The index number here is +4, which means you should stand instead of hitting but only on positive counts of +4 or above.

Some professional blackjack players succeed in memorizing a hundred or more indices. This is indeed impressive but if you are new to card counting, we recommend you to start with the Illustrious 18 and the Fabulous 4. Blackjack authority Donald Schlesinger outlines them as the most important indices in his book Blackjack Attack. You can learn more about those index numbers in the article about the Hi-Lo system.

Back-Counting

There are two main betting strategies card counters can use. The first approach is to play the entire shoe from start to finish where you adjust your bets on negative and positive counts as the true count dictates. For some players, this is the only possible approach because certain gambling establishments prohibit them from entering games in progress. This is known as the “No Mid-Shoe Entry” rule.

Back-counting allows players to further increase their expected value because they place their bets on positive counts only when they have the advantage. This approach is also known as wonging in and out of a game. You wong in, i.e. join a table, when the true count is greater than zero, typically when it reaches or exceeds +2. You wong out, or quit playing, when the true count drops below zero. Many players choose to wong out on true counts of -1.

When choosing an approach, your decision should be based on factors like the playing conditions and the size of your bankroll. At some casinos, joining a table in the middle of the shoe is not allowed. On the other hand, if you are just starting to build a blackjack bankroll, you might want to try back-counting because it decreases variance and causes you to play fewer rounds per hour.

Some players are reluctant to back-count because this attracts the attention of the pit crew and exposes them to a higher risk of detection. Card counting is not illegal, but casinos are private properties and as such, have the right to prohibit card counters from playing on their premises.

Card Counting in the Actual Casino Environment

A player is not required to be a rocket scientist or a math genius to count cards, but the harsh reality is that counting in the comfort of your home is much easier than doing it in an actual landbased casino. Things can get pretty hectic at the blackjack tables which causes many rookies to lose their count and make costly mistakes.

If you want to be a successful advantage player, you need to be able to overcome these distractions. You can try practicing at home with the help of some of your close friends. Try listening to music at a high volume while your friends “distract” you the same way other players and cocktail waitresses do in the actual casino.

It is just as important to master the ability to avoid detection. You will not be able to generate any expected value if you are barred from all casinos in your area. When you find a good game with great conditions, you need to cherish it and make longevity your priority. Some professional players use cover to prevent the casino personnel from identifying them as counters.

Cover comes in many different shapes and forms, including unorthodox plays, betting big during negative true counts (this takes away from your EV, though), pretending to be a clueless or inebriated player, and even physically disguising yourself. One male member of the MIT team, for example, went as far as dressing up as a female Asian player and succeeded to avoid detection for a while.

Card Counting in the Actual Casino Environment Additonal TipsAnother thing successful card counters tend to do is scout the casinos for the best possible blackjack games. If you plop down at a 6-to-5 table with bad penetration, you will not manage to generate any long-term profits even if you are the reincarnation of Kenny Uston himself.

Team play is another option if you are looking to turn blackjack into a serious source of income. This comes with numerous benefits. You will have someone more experienced to help you learn and point out your mistakes, which not only improves your game but helps you become more disciplined.

Team members are assigned different roles. For example, one player may act as a spotter who keeps a count and flat bets at the table minimum. When the count goes up, this person would make a secret signal to another member of the team who joins the table and starts making large bets since the cards at in their favor.

The bottom line is there are many nuances to advantage play you can exploit when you start playing in actual casinos. Last but not least, aspiring advantage players should not forget counting cards is similar to making an investment so they should not expect to get the rush of adrenalin regular gamblers do. At the end of the day, card counters visit casinos solely to generate EV, not to have fun.

New Missouri Law Prohibits Barring for Counting Cards

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A new Missouri rule prohibits barring for counting cards. Under this new rule, the Missouri Gaming Commission will specifically allow certain countermeasures by the casinos to try to minimize the advantage counters can get. The new rule has been adopted, and I am informed by the MGC that it goes into effect on August 30.

While there is nothing revolutionary about the new policy, I think that serious players may be interested in seeing the fine points of the new rule as it concerns Missouri casinos, as well as seeing the regulatory approach to governing casinos. What follows is the text of the new rule. I have added the underlining, to highlight certain portions that I will discuss.

The Text of the New Missouri Law

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Title 11 — DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY Division 45 - Missouri Gaming Commission Chapter 5 - Conduct of Gaming 11 CSR 45-5.051 - Minimum Standards for Twenty-One (Blackjack).

(1) The following words and terms, when used in this rule, shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

(A) 'Bart Carter shuffle' means the shuffling procedure whereby approximately one deck of cards is shuffled after being dealt, segregated into separate stacks and each stack is inserted into pre marked locations within the remaining decks contained in the dealing shoe.

(B) 'Determinant card' means the first card drawn for each round of play to determine from which side of the two compartment dealing shoe the cards for that hand shall be dealt.

(C) 'Double shoe' means a dealing shoe that has two adjacent compartments in which cards are stacked separately and which permits cards to be dealt from only one compartment at any given time.

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(2) A person who, without the assistance of another person or without the use of a physical aid or device of any kind, uses the ability to keep track of the value of cards played in blackjack ('21') and uses predictions formed as a result of the tracking information in her/her playing and betting strategy shall not be considered to be cheating.

(3) A class A licensee may implement any of the following options at a Twenty-One table provided that the casino licensee complied with the notice requirements contained in 11 CSR 45- 5.060:

(A) Persons who have not made a wager on the first round of play may not enter the game on a subsequent round of play until a reshuffle of the cards has occurred;

(B) (Persons who have not made a wager on the first round of play may be permitted to enter the game, but may be limited to wagering only the minimum limit posted at the table until a reshuffle of the cards has occurred;

(C) Persons who, after making wager on a given round of play, decline to wager on any subsequent round of play may be precluded from placing any further wagers until a reshuffle of the cards has occurred; and

(D) (Persons who, after making a wager on a given round of play, decline to wager on any subsequent round of play my be permitted to place further wagers, but may be limited to wagering only the minimum limit posed at the table until a reshuffle of the cards has occurred.

(E) Use of double shoe with a determinate card that selected which shoe to deal from during a particular hand.

(4) If a class A licensee implements any of the options in (3) of this rule, the option shall be uniformly applied to all persons at the table; provided, however that if a class A licensee has implemented either of the options in (3)(C) or (D) of this rule, an exception may be made for a patron who temporarily leaves the table if, at the time the patron leaves, the class A licensee agrees to reserve the patron’s spot until his or her return.

(5) Immediately prior to the commencement of play and after any shuffle of the cards, the dealer shall require that the cards be cut in a manner set forth in the class A licensee’s internal controls as approved by the Commission. Such internal controls shall be subject to the following conditions:

(A) If the 'Bart Carter Shuffle' is utilized and the cards in the discard rack exceed approximately one deck in number, the dealer shall continue dealing the cards until that round of play is completed after which he shall remove the cards from the discard rack and shuffle those cards so that they are randomly intermixed. After the cards taken from the discard rack are shuffled, they shall be split into three separate stacks and each stack shall be inserted into premarked locations within the remaining decks contained in the dealing shoe.

(6) After the cards have been cut and before any cards have been dealt, a floor supervisor may required the cards to be recut if he or she determines that the cut was performed improperly or in any way that might affect the integrity or fairness of the game. If a recut is required, the cards shall be recut, at the class A licensee’s option, by the player who last cut the cards, or by the next person entitled to cut the cards, as determined by the class A licensee’s internal controls.

Discussion of the New Missouri Law Regarding Barring for Card Counting

The first point that needs to be made is that Missouri is to be commended for even attempting to make an official rule governing barring and what countermeasures are to be authorized. Most state laws do not specifically cover these areas, leaving casinos free to make their own policies without governmental regulation. By way of background, it should also be noted that this rule is an amendment to Missouri’s existing regulatory scheme.

Some of the references in this rule are to other sections of existing law. For instance, existing law already allows for barring, and one of the grounds for barring is when someone is caught cheating. Thus, the language in this rule basically says that card counting is not cheating.

This eliminates card counting as a basis for barring in other sections of the law. The word 'cheating' appears in other parts of the statutes as well, including criminal offenses; it is confusing that the anti-barring rule should be based on the word 'cheating' because card counting was never considered by Missouri to be criminal cheating.

In any event, this is how Missouri precludes barring for card counters. The phrase 'without the assistance of another person' is also important. Under this regulation, if one is deemed to be counting cards with the assistance of another person, both people can be barred.

Realistically, there is no due process; in other words, if a casino arbitrarily decides that two people are counting cards together, or signaling each other in some way, both people can be barred, with little recourse to 'appeal' the casino’s actions. In conversations with officials with the Missouri Gaming Commission and officials in other states, I have learned that these regulators truly believe that team play (at the tables, as opposed to merely sharing a bankroll) should be considered improper.

The underlined phrase 'licensee may implement any of the following options' begins the list of countermeasures which the casino may take in response to card counters. This suggests, and Missouri officials confirm, that these are the authorized countermeasures, and that other countermeasures should not be implemented.

The Missouri Law Implies No Preferential Shuffling, or Flat Betting or Half-Shoeing a Player

Accordingly, Missouri is allowing a casino to prohibit mid-shoe entry, to impose minimum table bets only on mid-shoe entry, to use a Bart Carter shuffle, and to use a double shoe. By inference, Missouri is not allowing preferential shuffling, flat betting, 'half-shoes' or other movement of the cut card, or discriminatory restrictions on a single player at a table (all of which are allowed by New Jersey).

I am curious to see how often Missouri invokes these countermeasures after August 30, particularly the use of a double shoe. Regardless of how clear and fair these new regulations are (or are not), I think that Missouri is to be commended for taking a lead among the states by attempting to make the law clear for both players and casinos, and for attempting to treat all players in a uniform and non-discriminatory way.

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It is interesting to note that nine days after running an article about Missouri allowing card counting and prohibiting barring, the Kansas City Star ran an article entitled, 'Card Counters Facing New Foe — Innovative Automatic Shuffling Machine Tilts the Odds Back to the Casinos’ Favor.' This article tells about Shuffle Master’s latest continuous shuffle machine. We’ll have to see how the future plays out.

Abuse of Casino Comp Card Information

There have been a few reports of casinos inexplicably providing player’s card information to outsiders. It’s inexplicable to me because casinos have no interest in sharing this information with others, and they have no interest in making their customers angry at the release of their personal information. Here’s what’s happened.

Casinos maintain computerized information of their customers who use player’s cards. That information will typically include name, address, date of birth, and the record of the person’s play each time he visits the casino. This will include how long he played and at what games, average bet, the time of day he played, and total wins and losses.

Usually, this information remains with the casino, and is not given out except perhaps to other casinos which are part of the same company. The casino is also required to obey subpoenas and court orders, so the player’s card information will be given out in response to a subpoena, such as in criminal (grand jury) investigations, or often in disputed divorce cases.

I have learned of three reports in which player’s card information has been released without a subpoena or court order. In two cases, it involved employers checking up on employees to see if they were gambling when they were supposed to be at work. The third instance was a private individual who was just checking up on a 'friend’s' gambling habits.

I don’t expect this to become a trend. In at least one of the three instances, the casino executive stated that the release of the information was contrary to casino policy. The casino industry cannot desire to release this information to outside entities. However, it is worthwhile for serious and recreational players alike to be on their toes and be aware that there is no guarantee that your personal information will be kept confidential within the casino. ♠

For more information of laws and lawsuits that affect card counters and other professional gamblers, as well as info on how to protect your rights as a player, see Beat the Players: Casinos, Cops And the Game Inside the Game, by Bob Nersesian. Also see Bob Loeb's excellent Blackjack and the Law.

Bob Nersesian is the attorney who won James Grosjean's lawsuit against Caesars, Imperial Palace, and the Griffin Agency, as well as a number of other lawsuits on behalf of professional gamblers whose rights were abused by casinos.

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